11/13/2024 --axios
President-elect Trump has repeatedly pledged to dismantle the Department of Education, a decision that could radically reshape learning across America.Why it matters: The Department of Education plays a crucial role in making education access and quality more equitable for students across the country.Abolishing the department and the accompanying changes are "an effort to strip the federal government of any ability to do good ... as a way to justify further defunding our public schools and colleges," Kelly Rosinger, an associate professor of education and public policy at Penn State, told Axios.State of play: The Department of Education has been a punching bag for Republicans for decades. Ronald Reagan threatened to abolish it, and many inside the GOP have echoed Trump's calls for its end.Rep. Thomas Massie (R-Ky.) last year said "unelected bureaucrats in Washington, D.C., should not be in charge of our children's intellectual and moral development" while introducing a bill to kill the department.Driving the news: Elon Musk, one of President-elect Trump's most influential backers, posted a video to X Monday showing Trump boasting about closing the department and sending all education matters "back to the states."The official 2024 GOP platform also calls for closing the Department of Education. Can Trump actually get rid of the department?While not impossible, Trump's political pathway to abolishing the Department of Education is narrow.Eliminating the department would require Congressional action, likely including a supermajority of 60 votes in the Senate, the Washington Post reported.Despite their 53-47 Senate majority, Republicans are unlikely to muster up the votes to circumvent the filibuster.A House vote last year on an amendment eliminating the department failed after 60 Republicans joined Democrats opposing it, per the Post.Flashback: Trump's animus towards the Department of Education isn't new. During his first term he proposed merging the Education and Labor Departments.Betsy DeVos, Trump's previous secretary of education, was seen by many critics as anti-public education.What does Department of Education do?The Department of Education's budget funds a variety of programs to help students obtain a quality education.The department funds Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which provides supplemental funding to high-poverty K-12 school districts.Head Start programs provide vital child care services for many low-income and rural communities across the country, Rosinger pointed out.The department also administers Pell Grants, which help low-income students attend college.The Office of Special Education Programs provides resources to support students with disabilities through age 21.The department also collects national data on schools and enforces federal civil rights laws to prohibit discrimination.Zoom in: The Department of Education is also the loan holder for most federal student loans. What happens if the department is eliminated?Project 2025, which Trump's allies have touted as the incoming administration's agenda, outlines plans to abolish the department, which it calls a "one-stop shop for the woke education cartel."Instead, Project 2025 calls for redistributing various federal education programs across the government, while eliminating others or transferring them to the states.For instance, it calls for management of Title I to be transferred to the Department of Health and Human Services, the department's civil rights office would join the Justice Department, and the Treasury Department would manage student loan collections and defaults.What they're saying: These changes — from shifting programs across agencies, shuffling staff, or losing experts in the field — could mean "chaos ahead," Rosinger said."When federal government programs are chaotic, it's going to disproportionately harm working class families," she added.What could happen to student loans?While Trump has repeatedly railed against the Biden administration's student debt forgiveness efforts, Project 2025 takes aim at the federal government's role as a student loan lender.Project 2025 says that income-driven repayment (IDR) plans have "proliferated beyond reason," and that a new IDR plan should be instituted requiring payments equal to 10% of a borrower's income for those earning above the poverty line.It also calls for returning to a system where private lenders offer student loans. Private loans typically come with higher interest rates than federal loans.There are also concerns the administration could narrow the scope of loans available to help students attain higher education, like eliminating Parent PLUS loans for undergraduates and graduate student PLUS loans — both of which Project 2025 calls for, Rosinger said.How will this reshape American education?These changes would profoundly alter American education.For one, it will "decimate" the professional education bureaucracy, as Trump replaces career experts in their fields with political appointees, Rosinger said.Between the lines: Even if the Department of Education is left intact, changes are likely regardless, as the Trump administration is unlikely to continue the Biden administration's efforts to expand LGBTQ+ and gender equality protections or forgive student debt, Rosinger said.The Trump administration could also transfer responsibility for accrediting universities and colleges to the states, she added.That could see accreditation being "used as a lever" to discourage schools from pursuing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) programs and affirmative action programs, Rosinger noted.The bottom line: "Looking at Project 2025, the programs that are supporting trans students, that support low income students, that support racially minoritized students, these are going to be the ones that are the most threatened," Rosinger said.Go deeper: What another Trump term could mean for student loan relief